Wednesday 17 November 2021
📝කළු කුහරය
- ආලෝකය පවා ඇදගන්නා, විශාල ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණ බලයක් සහිත, කළු පාට ආකාශ වස්තුවක් -
කළු කුහරයක් යනු කිසිදු පදාර්ථයකට මෙන්ම ආලෝකයට පවා පිටවිය නොහැකි අභ්යවකාශයේ ප්රදේශයකි. එය ඉතාමත් ඝන වූ ස්කන්ධයක් විසින් අවකාශ-කාල විරූපී කිරීමේ ප්රතිඵලයකි. කළු කුහරය වටා පවතින්නේ හඳුනා ගත නොහැකි, සිද්ධි ක්ෂිතිජය යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන, නැවත නොපැමිනීමේ සීමාව ලකුණු කරන මතුපිටයි. එය කළු ලෙස හඳුන්වන්නේ එය මතට පතිත වන කිසිදු විද්යුත් චුම්භක තරංගයක් හෝ අංශුවක් පරාවර්තනය නොකර සම්පූර්ණයෙන් අවශෝෂණය කරගන්නා නිසාය. (තාප ගති විද්යාවේ එන කෘෂ්ණ වස්තු (Black Body) වැනිය).[1] ක්වොන්ටම් විද්යාවට අනුව කළු කුහර, සීමිත උෂ්ණත්වයකින් යුතු වස්තුවක් මෙන්, හෝකින් කිරණ විහිදුවයි. මෙම උෂ්ණත්වය කළු කුහරයේ ප්රමාණය අනුව අඩු වන බැවින් විශාල ස්කන්ධයකින් යුතු කළු කුහර නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීම අපහසුය.එය අදෘශ්ය වුවත්, වෙනත් පදාර්ථ සමග සිදුවන අන්තර්ක්රියා මගින් කළු කුහර හඳුනාගත හැකිය. අවකාශයේ ප්රදේශයක් වටා පරිභ්රමණය වන තරු පොකුරක චලන රටා අධ්යනය කිරීමෙන් කළු කුහරයක පිහිටීම හඳුනාගත හැකිය. එමෙන්ම, තරු යුග්මයකින් විශාල කළු කුහරයකට පදාර්ථය ඇදගන්නා විට, එම වායු සර්පිලාකිරව හැඩගැසී, අධි උෂ්ණත්වයකට භාජනය වී නිකුත් කරන විකිරණය, ප්රථිවි-ගත දුරෙක්ෂක මගින් හඳුනාගත හැක. තාරකා විද්යාඥයින් විසින් කළු කුහර තිබිය හැකි ස්ථාන විශාල ප්රමාණයක් හඳුනාගෙන ඇති අතර, චක්රාවාට ම්ධ්යයේ supermassive කළු කුහර පැවතිය හැකි බවට සාධක සොයාගෙන ඇත. ක්ෂිර පථය මධ්යයේ Sagittarius A* ප්රදේශයේ, සූර්ය-සකන්ධ මිලියන 2කට අධික සුපිරි-විශාල කළු කුහරයක් (Supermassive Black Hole) පවතින බවට, 1998 වර්ශයේදී, විද්යාඥයින් හට ශක්තිමක් සාධක හමුවුනි. නමුත් මෑතකදි කරන ලද පරීක්ෂන වලට අනුව මෙය සූර්ය-සකන්ධ මිලියන 4කට අධික විය යුතු බව සොයාගෙන ඇත.
© From Wikipedia
Leonid Meteor Shower
නොවැම්බර් මස ප්රධානම උල්කාපාත වර්ෂාව ලෙස සැලකෙන මෙය සෑම වසරකම නොවැම්බර් 17,18 දිනවල පමණ උපරිම අවස්ථාවට එළඹේ.
මෙහි උල්කාපාත පැමිනෙන්නාක් සේ පෙනෙන ස්ථානය(radiant point) සිංහ රාශිය පසුබිමේ ඇති අතර 55P/Temple-Tuttle වල්ගාතරුව නිසා මෙම උල්කාපාත වර්ෂාව ඇතිවේ. වල්ගාතරුව ගමන් ගන්නා මාර්ගයේ එමගින් විසිරුවා ගිය කුඩා වස්තූන් අතරින් පෘතුවිය ගමන් කිරීමේදී මෙසේ උල්කාපාත වර්ෂා ඇති වන අතර Leonids උල්කාපාත වර්ෂාව සදහා වැදගත් වන Temple-Tuttle වලගාතරුව 1865-66 යන වසර වලදී සොයාගනු ලැබීය.
එහි මධ්ය කොටසේ විෂ්කම්භය කිලෝ මීටර 3.6ක් පමණ වෙයි.
උපරිම අවස්ථාවේ පැයකට උල්කා 15ක් පමණ දැකගත හැකි වන අතර මේවා පැයට කිලෝ මීටර 70 ඉක්මවූ වේගයකින් ගමන් කරයි.
වසර 33කට වරක් පමණ leonids උල්කාපාත වර්ෂාවේ උපරිමය පැයකට උල්කාපාත 100කට වඩා වැඩි අවස්ථාවක් දක්වා එළබෙන අතර මෙම අගය සමහරවිට 1000 පමණ දක්වා ද ඉහල යා හැකිය.
එවිට එය Leonid storm ලෙස හදුන්වන අතර දැකිය හැකි උල්කාපාත ප්රමාණය නිරීක්ෂණය කරන ස්ථානය මත වෙනස් වේ. 1966දීත් අවසන් වරට 2002 වසරේදීත් දීත් මෙවැනි Leonid storm නිරීක්ෂණය කර ඇත.
Leonids උල්කාපාත වර්ෂාව වඩාත් දීප්තිමත් හා වර්ණවත් උල්කාපාත වර්ෂාවන්ගෙන් එකක් ලෙස සැලකෙන අතර නගර ආලෝකයෙන් පිටත පැහැදිලි අහසක් සහිත ප්රදේශයක සිට පහසුවෙන් නැරඹිය හැකිය.
උපරිමය නොවැම්බර් 17 වන දින අලුයම 4ට පමණ නැගෙනහිරින් අංශක 45ක් පමණ ඉහල අහසේදී නිරීක්ෂණය කල හැකියි.
(මෙවැනි නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීම් සදහා නිරීක්ෂණයට පෙර අදුරට ඇස හුරුකර ගැනීම මගින් නිරීක්ෂණය පහසු වනු ඇත)
Friday 12 November 2021
Wednesday 21 July 2021
LATEST NEWS |
Journey to the Center of Mars With the InSight Lander Team Scientists will talk about new findings in a question-and-answer session with the news media and public. Scientists working with NASA’s InSight Mars lander will share new results in a virtual discussion at 9 a.m. PDT (12 p.m. EDT) on July 23. Since InSight landed on Mars in November 2018 its seismometer has detected hundreds of quakes. The InSight mission is helping teach scientists how all rocky planets – including Earth – formed. The discussion will be livestreamed on NASA Television, the NASA app, the agency’s website, and multiple agency social media platforms, including the JPL YouTube and Facebook channels. Speakers will include the following InSight science team members:
Members of the news media and public can submit questions using the hashtag #ASKNASA. Earlier this year, the mission was extended for two years, running through December 2022. Follow the InSight mission on Twitter at @NASAInSight for updates. More About the Mission JPL manages InSight for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. InSight is part of NASA's Discovery Program, managed by the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver built the InSight spacecraft, including its cruise stage and lander, and supports spacecraft operations for the mission. A number of European partners, including France's Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), are supporting the InSight mission. CNES provided the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument to NASA, with the principal investigator at IPGP (Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris). Significant contributions for SEIS came from IPGP; the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Germany; the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) in Switzerland; Imperial College London and Oxford University in the United Kingdom; and JPL. DLR provided the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) instrument, with significant contributions from the Space Research Center (CBK) of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Astronika in Poland. Spain's Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) supplied the temperature and wind sensors. |
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Tuesday 20 July 2021
Information about the Space Flight of Jeff Bezos (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlP2JA4DbBA)
ලොව ධනවත්ම පුද්ගලයා වන ජෙෆ් බෙසෝස් අද දින තමාගේම රොකට්ටුවක නැගී අභ්යවකාශය කරා ගමන් කිරීමට නියමිතයි. ඒ වගේම ඔහුත් සමග ලොව ලාබාලතම සහ වයස්ගතම අවකාශගාමීන් දෙදෙනාද ගමන් කරනු ඇති. මෙලෙස සුවිශේෂී මෙම අභ්යවකාශ ගමන ගැන මෙයින් විස්තර වනවා. Jeff Bezos space flight. blue origin. new shepherd. human space flight. going to space. SpaceX. virgin galactic. Blue origin. astronomy sinhala. science sinhala. sinhala science video. physics sinhala. vishwaya sinhalen. #astronomysinhala #sciencesinhala #educationsinhala #physicssinhala
Credit should go to,
Virgin Galactic
Blue Origin
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Thursday 15 July 2021
LATEST NEWS |
Ride With Juno As It Flies Past the Solar System’s Biggest Moon and JupiterThe probe flew closer to Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, than any other spacecraft in more than two decades, offering dramatic glimpses of both the icy orb and the gas giant. On June 7, 2021, NASA’s Juno spacecraft flew closer to Jupiter’s ice-encrusted moon Ganymede than any spacecraft in more than two decades. Less than a day later, Juno made its 34th flyby of Jupiter, racing over its roiling atmosphere from pole to pole in less than three hours. Using the spacecraft’s JunoCam imager, the mission team has put together this animation to provide a “starship captain” point of view of each flyby. “The animation shows just how beautiful deep space exploration can be,” said Scott Bolton, principal investigator for Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. “The animation is a way for people to imagine exploring our solar system firsthand by seeing what it would be like to be orbiting Jupiter and flying past one of its icy moons. Today, as we approach the exciting prospect of humans being able to visit space in orbit around Earth, this propels our imagination decades into the future, when humans will be visiting the alien worlds in our solar system.” The 3:30-minute-long animation begins with Juno approaching Ganymede, passing within 645 miles (1,038 kilometers) of the surface at a relative velocity of 41,600 mph (67,000 kph). The imagery shows several of the moon’s dark and light regions (darker regions are believed to result from ice sublimating into the surrounding vacuum, leaving behind darkened residue) as well as the crater Tros, which is among the largest and brightest crater scars on Ganymede. It takes just 14 hours, 50 minutes for Juno to travel the 735,000 miles (1.18 million kilometers) between Ganymede and Jupiter, and the viewer is transported to within just 2,100 miles (3,400 kilometers) above Jupiter’s spectacular cloud tops. By that point, Jupiter’s powerful gravity has accelerated the spacecraft to almost 130,000 mph (210,000 kph) relative to the planet. Among the Jovian atmospheric features that can be seen are the circumpolar cyclones at the north pole and five of the gas giant’s “string of pearls” – eight massive storms rotating counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere that appear as white ovals. Using information that Juno has learned from studying Jupiter’s atmosphere, the animation team simulated lightning one might see as we pass over Jupiter’s giant thunderstorms. The camera’s point of view for this time-lapse animation was generated by citizen scientist Gerald Eichstädt, using composite images of Ganymede and Jupiter. For both worlds, the JunoCam images were orthographically projected onto a digital sphere, and then synthetic frames were added between actual images to make the motion appear smoother and provide views of approach and departure for both Ganymede and Jupiter. As planned, the gravitational pull of the giant moon has affected Juno’s orbit, resulting in the reduction of its orbital period from 53 days to 43 days. The next flyby of Jupiter, the 35th of the mission, is scheduled for July 21. More About the Mission JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the Juno mission for the principal investigator, Scott J. Bolton, of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. Juno is part of NASA’s New Frontiers Program, which is managed at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver built and operates the spacecraft. More information about Juno is available at: https://www.missionjuno.swri. Follow the mission on Facebook and Twitter at: |
Wednesday 14 July 2021
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LATEST NEWS |
NASA Solar Sail Asteroid Mission Readies for Launch on Artemis I Sailing on sunlight, NEA Scout will capture images of an asteroid for scientific study. NASA’s Near-Earth Asteroid Scout is tucked away safely inside the agency’s powerful Space Launch System (SLS) rocket at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The solar sailing CubeSat is one of several secondary payloads hitching a ride on Artemis I, the first integrated flight of the agency’s SLS and the Orion spacecraft. NEA Scout, a small spacecraft roughly the size of a large shoebox, has been packaged into a dispenser and attached to the adapter ring that connects the SLS rocket and Orion spacecraft. The Artemis I mission will be an uncrewed flight test. It also offers deep space transportation for several CubeSats, enabling opportunities for small spacecraft like NEA Scout to reach the Moon and beyond as part of the Artemis program. “NEA Scout will be America’s first interplanetary mission using solar sail propulsion,” said Les Johnson, principal technology investigator for the mission at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. “There have been several sail tests in Earth orbit, and we are now ready to show we can use this new type of spacecraft propulsion to go new places and perform important science.” The CubeSat will use stainless steel alloy booms to deploy an aluminum-coated plastic film sail – thinner than a human hair and about the size of a racquetball court. The large-area sail will generate thrust by reflecting sunlight. Energetic particles of sunlight, called photons, bounce off the solar sail to give it a gentle yet constant push. Over time, this constant thrust can accelerate the spacecraft to very high speeds, allowing it to navigate through space and catch up to its target asteroid. “This type of propulsion is especially useful for small, lightweight spacecraft that cannot carry large amounts of conventional rocket propellant,” Johnson said. NEA Scout is also a stepping-stone to another recently selected NASA solar sail mission, Solar Cruiser, which will use a sail 16 times larger when it flies in 2025. Sailing on sunlight, NEA Scout will begin an approximate two-year journey to fly by a near-Earth asteroid. Once it reaches its destination, the spacecraft will use a science-grade camera to capture images of the asteroid – down to less than half an inch (10 centimeters) per pixel – which scientists will then study to further our understanding of these small but important solar system neighbors. High-resolution imaging is made possible thanks to the low-velocity flyby (less than 100 feet, or 30 meters, per second) enabled by the solar sail. The data obtained will help scientists understand a smaller class of asteroids – those measuring less than 100 meters (330 feet) across – that have never been explored by spacecraft. “The images gathered by NEA Scout will provide critical information on the asteroid’s physical properties such as orbit, shape, volume, rotation, the dust and debris field surrounding it, plus its surface properties,” said Julie Castillo-Rogez, the mission’s principal science investigator at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Near-Earth asteroids are also important destinations for exploration, in situ resource utilization, and scientific research. In the past decade, detections of near-Earth asteroids have steadily risen and are expected to grow, offering expanded opportunities as exploration destinations. “Despite their size, some of these small asteroids could pose a threat to Earth,” Dr. Jim Stott, NEA Scout technology project manager, said. “Understanding their properties could help us develop strategies for reducing the potential damage caused in the event of an impact.” Scientists will use this data to determine what is required to reduce risk, increase effectiveness, and improve the design and operations of robotic and human space exploration, added Castillo-Rogez. NEA Scout is developed under NASA’s Advanced Exploration Systems division. The CubeSat is designed and developed by NASA Marshall in Huntsville, Alabama, and JPL in Southern California. |
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